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Research Methods 2

Submitted by squeak86 on April 23, 2009

How does the social learning approach to personality differ from the humanistic approach?

The social learning approach and the humanistic approach are both cognitive approaches to personality. Social learning theory is based upon seeing behaviour observed, whereas the humanistic approach is based more on a philosophy. Both approaches have similarities and differences which will be explored after they have been described.
In the Social Learning approach to personality Bandura, A(1973,1986) theory has a lot to do with expectancies and observations. In expectancy , a person believes a certain outcome will come from a certain action or situation. If a person acts out this may be because they know they will be either rewarded or punished for that action. These expectancies mean that the behaviour does not have to be directly reinforced to continue, just the mere observation of another portraying that action will allow it to continue. This is known as vicarious or observational learning, an example of this is learning to dance. Bandura found that the behaviour must be observed a greater number of times if it had greater complexity. Another concept Bandura defined was that of reciprocal determination, where person variables and environment variables together determine personality. The final concept in bandura’s(1982)work is that of self-efficiency, the expectation of success in a situation. This is we base our actions on how we evaluate them, and the extent to the maintenance of these.
Rotter , J created a scale to measure certain concepts of Bandura’s, He modified this and called it the locus of control theory (1954, 1966) where consequences of actions are determined by personal and environmental variables. He developed his I-E scale (internal/external) in it, 29 statements are given which the participant must specify the extent to their agreement on each statement. He found those with internal locus of control worked harder towards...

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