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Long-term Investments (CICA Section 3051):
Four types of long-term investments:
1. Investments in securities, such as bonds, common shares, or long-term notes.
2. Investments in tangible fixed assets not currently used in operations, such as land help for speculation.
3. Investments set-aside in special funds such as sinking funds, pension funds, or plant expansion funds.
4. Investments in nonconsolidated subsidiaries or affiliated companies.
Strategic Investments:
1. An investment that gives the investor control over the subsidiary (Consolidation)
2. An investment that gives the investor significant influence over the affairs of the investee corporation (Equity method).
3. A joint venture is an economic activity resulting from a contractual arrangement whereby two or more ventures jointly control the economic activity.

Accounting Classification
1. Loans and receivables: These financial assets results from the delivery of cash or other assets by a lender to a borrower in return for a promise to pay an amount on a specified date(s) or on demand, usually with interest.
2. Held-to-Maturity: These are financial assets with fixed or determinable payments and fixed maturity that an entity has the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity, excluding those classified as available for sale or that are loans and receivables.
3. Held-for-Trading: Financial assets that upon initial recognition are designated by entity as held for trading and intend to be sold in the near term to generate income on short-term price difference.
4. Available-for-Sale: Financial assets that are not classified as loans and receivables, held-to-maturity, or held-for-sale.

Category Valuation
On Book Unrealized Holding gain or Losses Other Income Statement effects
Loans and Receivables Amortized Cost Not recognized Interest when earned; gain and losses from...