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e most comprehensive guides to the literature on slavery are Joseph C. Miller, Slavery: A Worldwide Bibliography, 1900-1996 (1999) and John David Smith, Black Slavery in the Americas: An Interdisciplinary Bibliography, 1865-1980 (1982). Updated bibliographies appear annually in Slavery & Abolition: A Journal of Comparative Studies, which also publishes important articles and debates on slavery and antislavery.

General reference works that include succinct essays on important topics are Seymour Drescher and Stanley Engerman, eds., A Historical Guide to World Slavery (1998); Paul Finkelman and Joseph C. Miller, eds., Macmillan Encyclopedia of World Slavery (1998); Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, eds., Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery (updated ed., 1997); and Junius P. Rodriguez, eds., The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery (1997).

On the historiography of slavery in the United States, see Charles B. Dew, "The Slavery Experience," in John B. Boles and Evelyn Thomas Nolen, eds., Interpreting Southern History (1987), Peter J. Parish, Slavery: History and Historians (1989), John David Smith, Slavery, Race, and American History: Historical Conflict, Trends, and Method, 1866-1953 (1999), and Mark M. Smith, Debating Slavery: Economy and Society in the Antebellum American South (1998).

An institution that began in prehistoric times, slavery was practiced on virtually every continent. Orlando Patterson, Slavery and Social Death (1982) compares and contrasts the forms that slavery took in diverse societies around the world. For Asian slavery, see Anthony Reid, ed., Slavery, Bondage, and Dependency in Southeast Asia (1983) and James L. Watson, ed., Asian and African Systems of Slavery (1980). On Middle Eastern slavery, see Bernard Lewis, Race and Slavery in the Middle East (1990). An incisive overview of the origins, nature, and abolition of Islamic and New World slavery is David Brion Davis, Slavery and Human...