Linguistic is the ability to use spoken or written words. The logical-mathematical intelligence involves using your thinking, reasoning and logic abilities, in addition to the use of numbers and abstract pattern recognition. The visual-spatial involves the ability to mentally visualize objects and spatial dimensions. The body-kinesthetic intelligence is when an individual uses the wisdom of their body and the ability to control their physical motion. The fifth intelligence is the musical-rhythmic intelligence which is the ability to master music as well as rhythms, tones and beats.
Outline Gardner`s theory of multiple intelligence The psychometric theory has been criticised by Gardner, he said that there is not just one kind of intelligence. Gardner proposed that there are eight separate kinds of intelligence, she referred to these as domains. He believed that each of these domains act as a separate system in the brain. These domains are linguistic which is the spoken language, logical/mathematical which is abstract thought and the ability to reason, special which is a real world ability and the mental rotation of images, musical which is the creation and appreciation of music, bodily/kinaesthetic which is fine motor skills, intrapersonal which is the understanding of other people’s feelings and the final domain is natural which is understanding the natural world. The first three of these domains (linguistic, logical and special) are recognised in the traditional intelligence testing, however the last five are new concepts in terms of intelligence.
One theory to the psychometric theory is the multi-factorial model, this suggests that intelligence is composed of a range of abilities and highlight the role of environmental factors. An example of this type of theory was developed by Thurstone, who argued that there were different types of intelligence rather than a single mental ability (‘g’). Thurstone used a sample of students who were asked to carry out a large number of different tasks and from these he reduced intelligence down to a set of 7 factors which he called primary mental abilities. These primary mental abilities include Verbal comprehension (the ability to define and understand words), word fluency (the ability to produce words rapidly), numerical ability (the ability to solve arithmetic problems), memory (the ability to memorise), reasoning (the ability to use rules to deal with problems), perceptual (ability to see similarities and differences between things) and spatial (the ability to visualise items). Therefore individuals could score highly in one type of intelligence (e.g.
One of these is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). MBTI is a questionnaire formulated to psychologically categorize people into one of sixteen personality types. According to Isabel Briggs Myers, of the Myers and Briggs Foundation, states that, “The essence of the theory is that much seemingly random variation in the behavior is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic differences in the ways individuals prefer to use their perception and judgment.” That being said, it is extremely important to know and understand the innate differences in peoples behavior at a fundamental level. For example; just knowing whether someone is an introvert or an extrovert could help a leader to know who to move into a group setting verses an isolated setting or individual type of task.
Spatial intelligence is one's ability to conjure mental images and use these images to solve problems. The final two intelligences Howard Gardner referred to them as being "Personal Intelligences". Interpersonal Intelligence is the ability of one to mentally be capable of understanding the intentions and motivations of others. Intra personal intelligence is the understanding of one's own feelings and using this information to change one's life. Having read and get an understanding of these seven intelligences, Can apply them all into my life.
Why go through the time and effort to exert this energy without purpose? The answer, though in appearance may look deceivingly simple, can be easily joined with philosophical ideals as well as depend on the desired outcomes of the exercise, whether economy, self, or social. Spencer’s (2006) The Purpose of Adult Education: A Short Introduction is a dedicated, condensed yet concise book into core purposes of AE. In the book he looks at and associates the main five philosophies along with the theories of learning previously noted to loosely articulate the who, what, where, when and why AE was, is and/or may be undertaken. Withstanding what seemed to my eyes as a socialist tendency, of the several purposes he articulates and examines, Education for Transformation (p 53) is an underlying principle that struck a chord with me.
It helps the transfer of information from short term memory into long term memory. (Willingham, 2007) The brain also helps with problem solving and reasoning skills. In order for cognitive functioning in the brain to work correctly it needs to be able to transmit signals from the left hemisphere to the right hemisphere. When signals are received from the left side of the body they go to the right side of the brain and visa versa. The brain also helps coordinate movement.
Language is defined to be a communication of thoughts and feelings through a system of random signals. These random signals could be voice sounds, gestures, or written symbols. Language does not only consist of voice sounds, but also encompasses body language and kinesics. Language consists of verbal language, body language, facial expressions, and sign language. Language and cognitive psychology phenomenon is that the new levels of cognitive psychology are reached and understood so should the levels of the different languages.
Meaning, if someone excels in mathematics, does not mean that person is capable of painting or creating art (Ghraibeh, 2012). Gardner’s theory was unique, he looked the individual person and their intelligence based on one specific person. Realizing that people are intelligent each in their own way, Gardner’s theory was based on the question of “how are you smart?” compared to the basic question of “how smart are you?” Gardner’s research made him realize that there were many different types of intelligence. Gardner found that the list consisted of eight different yet separate intelligences, that Gardner studied and made a list of eight individual intelligences. The eight distinctive intelligences consist of; linguistic, musical, naturalist, logical-mathematical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal and intrapersonal (Kowalski, R. and Westen,D., 2011).
There is also something called the difference threshold which is the amount of change needed for us to recognize that a change has occurred. Perception is the understanding of what we take in through our senses. It’s the way we perceive things in the environment. It’s what makes us difference from each other. The process of selecting, organizing and interpreting the information brought to the brain by the senses.