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A theory that looks at maintenance of relationships is the reinforcement model. This model was proposed by Byrne and Clore (1970), it is based upon conditioning. The model proposes that the reason that we stay in relationships is because we find them rewarding (positive reinforcement), or because we find life alone unpleasant (negative reinforcement). Most stimuli in our lives are either negative or positive and we are motivated to seek the rewarding ones. Rewarding stimuli produce positive feelings and punishing stimuli produce negative feelings. These feelings lead to a positive or negative evaluation of the stimulus such as liking or disliking. The model proposes that neutral stimuli will become associated with the positive or negative feeling that may be associated with people who may affect us directly; therefore we like those who reward us and dislike those who punish us. People can also reward us indirectly, the model says that we associate them with pleasant experiences and so continue to feel happy and have a pleasant experience around them. This is known as classical conditioning. The model also states that the mood you are in at the time of meeting that person has an effect on whether you are attracted to them or not. If you are in a positive, happy mood then you are more likely to be attracted to them at the time. Thus following if you are in a negative, unhappy mood you are less likely to be attracted to that person. However if you are in a negative emotional state and that person helps you escape those feelings then the model says that you will see that person in a positive light because they have lifted your negative feelings (negative reinforcement).
Argyle (1992) suggests that individuals who are rewarding to others are liked most by others which supports the models suggestion of positive reinforcement. Following this Foa and Foa (1975) have stated that the rewards gained from relationships can be more than just approval and affirmation...