“Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue?” Sigmund Freud’s most vital contribution to the study of psychology and human behaviour was his notion of the “dynamic unconscious”. This view was that the unconscious mind played a precisely important role in determining how an individual behaved. Freud put forward the principle of multiple determinations, which suggests that every psychic event is determined by the simultaneous action of several others. He saw the unconscious mind as the actual source of mental energy, which determined behaviour. He based his belief on the results of trials with hypnosis.
This was also the first “real” form of psychology (i.e. studying people’s behaviours and looking for their causes), which lead to the gradual expansion of psychology as a study itself. One the most basic assumptions of this approach is that our experiences in early childhood determine particular personality traits of ours as adults, as well as our general behavioural patterns and ways of thinking. Another assumption would be that the majority of our behaviour and personality is determined by unconscious motives. It is the product of an unconscious mind being driven by its most basic desires and emotions in coaction with our traits determined by our early childhood experiences.
What the client brings into therapy such as courage, willingness, honesty and faith greatly contribute to successful results (Hubble et al, 1999 p75). Openness and the client’s ability to be actively involved also have great bearing on the therapeutic outcome (Clarkin & Levy, 2004 p 194 – 226). In addition, client factors also include elements that exist in the clients’ life such as a new job, social support, occurring crises and religious beliefs, which all contribute to and bear impact on the therapeutic interaction and outcomes (Hubble et al 1999 p75). According to Lambert’s findings, relationship factors make for 30% of the model outcomes (Hubble et al, 1999 p75). Therapeutic relationship variables include building rapport, engagement, collaboration, finding and maintaining a working
Abstract: One of the most important goals of personality psychology is the establishment of a model that can describe a person's personality and disorders that are associated with personality. Not only is the model suppose to be able to describe the human personality but it is suppose to help gain better insight and understanding of personality. Over time many models have come about from different Pscycholigst and have even maintained there validity through time. Of course like most theorys and models some are more accepted in psycholgy circes than others. The five-factor model of personality is one of the more prominent models that is accepted.
Those are just two of many. Throughout researching, in the rest of the context written below, these answers will be revealed. Having insight into the understanding of human development, we are able to gain knowledge of humans from the very important stage of childhood right through till adulthood. The positives lye within us as a world being able to help and give a better life from childhood. We are able to teach and understand different ways of conceptual understanding, values, learning, responses, different behaviours and skills.
Despite such criticisms, Rogers's theory of personality and his therapeutic methodology continue to gain adherents and have become among the most widely influential trends in the history of psychology. Rogers's therapeutic scheme as outlined in his books and practiced in therapy is premised on the existence within each individual of what he termed the “organismic valuing process,” sometimes described as an internal monitor of a person's experiences in life that, under favorable circumstances, allows the development of healthy men or women possessing optimum self-esteem and an accurate sense of who they “really are” as well as who they would ideally like to become. The obstacle to this development, according to Rogers, are conditions, primarily those inflicted by a child's parents, in which the individual is denied “unconditional positive regard” and is thereby influenced by either positive or negative “conditions of worth” which instill
Things such as cognitive reconstructive therapy this was developed during WW1 by Dr William H Rivers this is the process of learning/treatment used to explain things such as irrational thoughts “faulty thinking” with the aim of removing and or in some cases replacing irrational thoughts with more logical natural ones. This psychological approach was a great advance in mental health treatment and such a great discovery that it is still by far the most dominate psychology approach today its very useful as it has many practical applications to life for example on perception and memory as well as in education and the development of therapy. WW1 had significant influence on the development of mental health and psychological medicine it gave way for the practice of psychotherapy. Before the War there was certainly interest in Freudian ideas, but few actually used psychological methods to treat mental disorders. There was strong opposition from the psychiatric establishments, particularly to the Freudian emphasis on sexuality as underlying mental
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It will be shown that educational psychology has helped create a much greater understanding of how children’s minds develop and that this greater understanding has led to tangible, ‘real world’ strategies for improving the way children are educated. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is one of the most influential theorists in the area of developmental psychology, and the founder of the field known as cognitive development (Flavell 1996 p. 200). He had a long and prolific career and his contributions to the field of psychology were numerous and varied. While much of his work has been criticized and reworked, Piaget is largely responsible for the fundamental framework within which the discourse on developmental psychology takes place (Flavell 1996, p 202). He was one of the first theorists to attempt to comprehensively describe the process of cognitive development in children (Duchesne et al 2013 p 56).
According to Freud, even though the unconscious is hidden it still continues to sway our behaviours. It is important in counselling to have an understanding of the unconscious mind because it is the counsellor main goal to help their client become aware of their unconscious mind therefore helping them to understand and alter that problem behaviour. 5. List the three different aspects of personality identified by Freud. Briefly explain how they relate to each other.