1890's American Expansion

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In Howard Zinn’s “The Empire and the People”, he explains factors that led to American expansion. “In strict confidence…I should welcome almost any war, for I think this country needs one”, says Theodore Roosevelt to a friend in 1897. A factor of expansion through a war would deflect some of the rebellious energy that went into strikes and protests and shift that energy to an external enemy. It would help unite the people and the government. Another factor was brought to the table by Captain A.T. Mahan of the U.S. Navy, who had great influence with Theodore Roosevelt. He felt that as a “world power” , we must look outward and inherit other parts of the earth to keep up with the rest of the “world powers”. Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wrote in a magazine article “The great nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and their present defense all the waste places of the earth. It is a movement which makes for civilization and the advancement of the race. As one of the great nations of the world the United States must not fall out of the line of march.” The most major factor of American expansion was profiteering. The year of the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890, it was officially declared by the Bureau of the Census that the internal frontier was closed. The severe depression that began in 1893 strengthened the idea within the political and financial elite of the country that overseas markets for American goods might relieve the problem of underconsumption at home. Ninety percent of American products were sold at home; the 10 percent sold abroad amounted to a billion dollars. In his book “The New Empire”, Walter Lafever writes “By 1893, American trade exceeded that of every country in the world except England. Farm products, of course, especially in the key tobacco, cotton, and wheat areas, had long depended heavily on international markets for their
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