Theories Of Cohen, Miller And Cloward & Ohlen

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Essay Question Compare and contrast the gang theories of Cohen, Miller and Cloward & Ohlen Gang presence and associated serious and violent criminal behavior of youth in America continues to be an alarming concern of researchers and policy makers. Since the early 1900s, many have attempted to explain gang development, membership, and criminal and delinquent behavior associated with gang groups. Some of the gang theories are those of Cohen (1955), Cloward and Ohlin (1961) and miller (1962). First of all, Cohen was very much influenced by Merton, accepting much of what he had to say about the structural origins of crime and deviance. Cohen’s theory assured that lower class youth enter into gang delinquency as a group response to a failure to acquire status as measured by middle class norms and values. Since lower-class youths are disadvantaged in institutional settings such as school, they lack the means and opportunities to attain culturally prescribed goals. He said that working class youths suffer from status frustration, they realize that they cannot achieve in middle class terms. According to him, even though lower class boys want a middle class status; they can not compete with middle class boy because they don’t have middle class values. As a result, they engage in reaction formation and reject the middle class world. Since they can’t get status and respect, they all get together and form a gang, and in that way give status and respect to each other. On the other side, Cloward and Ohlen accept Cohen’s views on the structural origins of crime and deviance; however, they criticize Cohen’s cultural explanation of crime. They say that just because the boys’ opportunities are limited it doesn’t mean a boy should become a criminal. According to their theory there are three types of gangs which are: Conflict, Criminal & retreatist. Conflict gang
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