Within humans many adaptations have happened through Darwin’s theory of natural selection, one of these adaptations is called Theory of Mind. Byrne and Whiten defined the 'Theory of mind' as the psychological characteristic that allows humans to interact effectively with each other. This can be defined in terms of the ability to know or intuit what another person may think, or how another may act or feel, in order to adjust their own actions (Phoenix, 2007 p.133). Considering this theory from an evolutionary point of view, the adaptive function results in individuals enhancing the
Charles Darwin and Francis Galton are the major psychologists that defend this theory. B.F Skinner and John Watson strongly oppose their theories and say that it is the exact opposite. Charles Darwin uses his theory of natural selection, which proposed that heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be selected over time, to prove that genetics control how a person behaves. Furthermore, Francis Galton, a relative of Darwin, stated that the class that you were born into was a genetic predisposition, and that you would not be able to rise from this standard. For example, if a lower class man and woman have a child then their child would not be able to rise form the lower class.
The etiology of abnormal behavior is a combination of several, distinctive factors that, when in conjunction, contribute to the activation of psychological disorders. These factors consist of biology, environment and cognition, but the magnitude of each of these triggers differs between every patient displaying abnormal behavior. It is assumed that all of these factors must be present for an individual to develop a psychological disorder. Biology and genetics enable abnormal behavior to appear or activate more likely, but they are not the most significant factors that lead to psychological disorders. While biology simply makes individuals more susceptible to a psychological disorder, environmental triggers are crucial for the actual development.
The biological level of analysis argues that there are physiological origins of much behaviour, and that human beings should be studied as biological systems. Behaviour is the result of a bidirectional process i.e. biology can affect cognition and cognition can affect biology. Many physiological factors can play a role in behaviour: brain processes, neurotransmitters, hormones, and genes. One of the major controversies in the history of psychology is the so-called nature versus nurture debate, in which researchers debate whether human behaviour is the result of biological or environmental factors.
Service workers should protect service users and make them comfortable, so they can feel that they can trust professionals. Service users should be safeguarded from danger and harm, and be supported in the way that protects them. Respect- It is Important for service workers to treat service users with respect and dignity in order to have positive relationships with them. Service workers should be polite and treat service users with manners and make them feel good about themselves. Every individual service user should be treated with the same level of respect.
These are the basic human needs required to sustain life and include food, clothing and shelter. Any other needs provide little motivation until these basic needs are satisfied. [3] Once physiological needs are satisfied, safety or security become the predominant need. Safety or security represents the need to be free of fear of physical danger, the need to be free of deprivation of basic physiological needs, and the need for self-preservation. [3] Next, the social or affiliation need will surface as the predominant one to be satisfied.
The first level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is physiological needs, which are the most basic needs of any person. These needs include food, water, oxygen, etc. Once the physiological needs are satisfied, a person is then motivated by safety needs. These needs include security, stability, dependency, protection, and freedom. The next need on Maslow's hierarchy of needs is love and belongingness.
Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality C M PSY/250 June 16, 2014 Anne Snyder Biological and Humanistic Approaches to Personality We are each born with our own personality, but this paper will determine whether our personality traits are genetically inherited from our parents, or if we develop them over time based on our environment and surroundings. It is believed that, “A person is not born a blank slate, to then be written on by the environment; people start with certain inherent predispositions and abilities” (Friedman & Schustack, 2012). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs will be discussed and examined. Biological factors that influence the formation of personality will also be discussed and the relationship of biological factors to Maslow’s theory of personality will be examined. Lastly, the basic aspects of humanistic theory that is incompatible with biological explanations of personality will be explained.
White (2012) Weaknesses – “With the humanistic theory, you are in control of your personality on a conscious level and with the biological theory; your genetics controls your personality. With the biological theory your personality is set at birth while the humanistic theory you are solely responsible for your personality.” Swan
Do humans enter the world with basic human function, or do they develop these functions as a result of those around them? Are we inclines to be more intelligent, artistic and social because our parents are? Many sociologists, biologists, and scientists have examined these questions and many more concerning what it actually is that forms our talents, habits and personalities resulting in the “nature vs. nurture” debate. The “Nature vs. Nurture” Debate Sir Francis Galton is the 18th century English anthropologist who coined the phrase “Nature vs. Nurture”. His book, Hereditary Genius was the first social scientific attempt to study intelligence and prominence.