Lin Article Critique: Part 2 Dustin T. Rheel Liberty University Counseling 503, D22 Professor Carlene Taylor November 25, 2012 Critique of Population and Sampling In the Lin, Mack, Enright, Krahn, and Baskin article (2004) article, they sampled forty-three participants from various drug rehabilitation centers. These participants were suffering from alcohol and other drug dependences. Some of the participants were referred by the therapist and then the suggested participants then had the option to participate or not, thus making the sample used not random. Even though the sample was not random, they were randomly selected to be in one of 2 groups, Forgiveness Therapy (FT) or Alcohol and Drug Counseling (ADC) (Lin et al., 2004).
One model teaches the person learned behavior to change the addiction process, while the other is not so different. The neurobiological model shows that addictive chemicals can have an effect on the brain, and the effect can be changed with in this case mindfulness thinking, there is also the ability to use medication to block the pleasure receptors in the brain. References Brewer, J. A., Elwafi, H. M., & Davis, J. H. (2012, May 28). Psychological models and neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness training as treatment for addictions.
c) What is the dependent variable? a) An independent variable is the experimental factor that is manipulated, while a dependent variable is the measurable behavior which could be affected by changes in the independent variable. b) The independent variable is the drug that is assigned to the person; whether it is the placebo or the new drug. c) The dependent variable is the attention rating. 3. a) What does it mean to manipulate a variable?
Modeling Theory is a form of social learning theory that asserts that people learn how to act by observing others. (Schmalleger, 231) 5. Behavior Theory is a psychological perspective that posits that individual behavior that is rewarded will increase in frequency, while that which is punished will decrease. (Schmalleger, 234) 6. Sociological Theories examine institutional arrangements within society and the interaction between and among social institutions, individuals and groups as they affect socialization and have an impact on social behavior.
Having Fun With Operational Definitions Adapted from teachpsychscience.org Directions: Identify and operationally define the independent and dependent variables in each of the following research ideas. Research Idea #1: A social psychologist was interested in whether people are more likely to exhibit conformity when they are in situations that make them feel nervous and unsure of themselves. What is the independent variable? How would you define it operationally? What is the dependent variable?
The experimental group will receive the Protazen and the control group will receive a placebo. A placebo is an inert substance and it is used in order to find out whether or not the effect of the independent variable actually includes what the experimenter is testing. In this experiment the placebo will be a sugar pill. Each experiment has a control in order to account for the placebo effect. The placebo effect suggests that the effects produced by a drug might be related to psychological processes as a test subject may still improve because of their expectation to do so.
Social Psychology Tandy Noonan Learning and Cognition/PSY400 12/19/2011 Dave Brueshoff Social Psychology Definition Paper How do we define Social Psychology and what influences does it have on individuals? When one understands social psychology they will be able to help others in being the best they can. In this paper you will find the definition of social psychology. Along with the definition of social psychology, you will find a discussion on how social psychology is different from sociology. Defining social psychology "Social psychology is a science that studies the influences of our situation, with special attention to how we view and affect one another; social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about; influenced, and relate to one another.
Effects of Omega-3 on Mental Disorders Demarkas Samelton English/100 September 25/2012 Professor/Copeland (Jurrian Kamp’s) Demarkas Samelton Rhetorical Precis Eng-100 “Can Diet Help Stop Depression and Violence?” Author Jurrian Kamp hopes captivate the reader attention by giving scientific proof which a healthy diet of omega-3 can have lasting effects on mental disorder. Kamp’s follow’s three Oxford University controlled studies on the effects of omega-3 on mental disorders. The subjects of the study range from prisoners with depression and aggression disorders. They even did a study on children five through 12 with learning disorders. The author example of its benefits is admirable and as such might persuade the reader
Next is the social cognitive theory, created by Albert Bandura. The cognitive social theory is the belief that people are flexible enough to learn from behaviors, people can regulate their own lives, people can control the nature and quality of their own lives, people can control their own behavior through external and internal factors, and when people are morally misunderstood they try to blame someone else or not take responsibility for the action or behavior (Feist & Feist, p. 478). The final theory is the cognitive social learning theory by Julian Rotter and Walter Mischel. Their theory is the belief that cognitive factors influence the way people respond to environmental forces (Feist & Feist, p.
Social Exchange Theory Social exchange theory is a psychological theory; suggest that human beings make social decisions based on perceived costs and benefits. This suggestion asserts that people evaluate all social relationships to determine the benefits they will get out of them. The social exchange theory uses economic terms such as benefit, gain, cost, and payment to describe social situations. According to this supposition, people consciously and unconsciously evaluate every social situation in terms of what they will have to put into it, and relate this to the benefits they think they may get out of it. According to social exchange theory, people make these decisions based on their individual satisfaction level within the relationship.