The structure of personality, this is something Freud said was made up of three interacting elements. The ID, the ego and the superego. All these elements must remain in balance, if they do not then intra-psychic conflict will take place and this can lead to anxiety. The other key element in this approach is psychosexual development. The theory says that the child goes through a series of stages where the instinctive energy of the id looks for gratification in different bodily areas: the erogenous zones.
The superego is our morality principle which we develop from three to six years old, it helps us to define the difference between right and wrong and Freud suggested that it is often in conflict with the id. Finally, the ego is the reality principle which balances out the demands from the superego and the id. The fact that all the principles develop at different stages of childhood suggests that Freud believed that our self and identity develops early in life and once it is developed there is no going back and changing it. Freud is often criticised for his lack of evidence to support his theories, though because they are based on the unconscious they are practically impossible to investigate. He is also criticised for his major emphasis on the individual and neglecting the influences of people around them.
Freud’s theory states that spread through these three sections are three personality structures, The Id, Ego and Superego. The Id is the element of the mind that develops first. It is inborn and is driven by the reward of pleasure,
The Psychoanalysis Perspective Abstract. Sigmund Freud, the Father of Personality Psychology, highlights many theories in his writings. Most noted in this paper was the Psychoanalytic Perspective, which gives an in-depth view of determinism, the importance of conflict, early experience, infantile sexuality, and most illustrious the importance of unconscious motivation. This theory assumed that there exist three levels of consciousness in which the human mind functions. People did not come to accept his theory at first, but after much testing it was proven mostly valid and reliable.
Id- The Id is the only element of personality that is present from birth. The Id is the personality component that is made up of the unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy our basic urges, needs, and wants. According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary component of personality. The id operates on what is called the pleasure principle, which demands that we have immediate gratification of our wants, needs, and desires. If these needs are not satisfied right away, then the result is a state of tension and anxiety.
An Overly-Conscious Conscious: The Possibility of an Over-Dominant Superego One of the most common theories in psychology - known to people whether they are studying psychology or not - is the psychoanalytic theory of the human personality according to Sigmund Freud. In his theory, there are three parts of the human mind which dictate what we do, and why we do it. The first and most primitive part of the mind is the id: Freud saw this part as something humans are born with and as the source of all drives and urges. Essentially, the id operates on the pleasure principle - somewhat like a spoiled child; this part of the mind desires immediate gratification, and cannot tolerate any wait in getting what it wants. This part of the mind clearly dominates the human during infancy, demonstrated by the incessant crying of a child when it craves anything from attention to food.
Psychodynamic Theories Psychodynamic theories are those propounded by Sigmund Freud, which further describe the conflict among instincts, reasons, and conscience. Although many different psychodynamic theories exist, they all emphasize unconscious motives and desires, as well as the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality. Psychodynamic theory is a view that explains personality in terms of conscious and unconscious forces, such as unconscious desires and beliefs. Psychoanalytic Theory The psychoanalytic theory focuses on the role of experiences, the unconscious, and emotions that shape one’s personality. It is based on three main assumptions: 1.
Freud divided the psyche into three levels of awareness known as conscious, what we are aware of, and preconscious, what we can be aware of if and adjust if we attend to it and the unconscious which we can not be aware of unless accessed through therapy. The id represents our conscious mind and is the biological basis of personality, the partly or pre conscious is known as the ego which develops in the first year and is the psychological executive of personality and the superego that develops from the age of 3 to five years and is the social and moral component of personality. Freud proposed the theory that personality development centred on the effects of the sexual pleasure drive on the individual psyche. He argued that there are particular stages in the development process, especially during the first five years of life, that are fundamental to a persons behaviour in adult life. He believed it was important to complete each stage
Garrett Heffernan ENS 301 MW 1:00-1:50pm Prof Voigt. 2/15/15 Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget was a French psychologist who in 1936 set out to determine the ways in which children learn. His research was the first of it’s kind in that he was the first to conduct a study specifically on how children learn as opposed to people in general. The basis of Piaget’s finding where that there is four stages of cognitive development that children progress through as they approach maturity. Piaget believed that before entering one of these stages a child would be unable to understand certain concepts that fit within each specific learning window.
Freudian analysis of Oedipus The theory of psychoanalysis is primarily concerned with the development of the human personality; it was Freud who presumed that human personality is a three part system, consisting of the id, ego, and the superego. "The id is said to contain all the instinctual drives that seek immediate satisfaction and like a small child (they are said to operate on the "the pleasure principle"); the ego contains the conscious mental states, and its function is to perceive the real world and to decide how to act, mediating between the world and the id (it is governed by "the reality principle"). Whatever can become conscious is in the ego (although it also contains elements that remain unconscious), where as everything in the id is permanently unconscious. The superego is identified as a special part of the mind that contains the conscience, the moral norms acquired from parents and others who were influential in early childhood; though it belongs to the ego and shares it's kind of psychological organization, the superego is also said to have an intimate connection with the id, for it can confront the ego with rules and prohibitions like a strict parent. If at an early stage the child is exposed to an environment that consists of overly aggressive and dominant parents the development of that child’s superego may become a tad bit cruel, causing an adverse reaction within the psyche of that child.