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Throughout the extract, Hamlet is respectful to the new King, Claudius, and the Queen; however shows no affection to either. This is clear by the use of "madam" instead of mother - and by the singular pronoun "you" which is formal, and for those of higher rank.
This immediately shows Hamlet's detatchment to the King and Queen.
When Claudius and the King address Hamlet, they do so using his first name. They also use "thou", which was seen to be more intimate and informal; was used towards friends and those of a lower rank.
Hamlet's Turn-Taking is the most frequent, in this passage, and talks in statements. He doesn't control any of the conversation by asking questions; he gets right to the point.
King Claudius and the Queen show parallelisms in what they say; they both want Hamlet to 'get over' the death of his father.
Although, Hamlet's Turn-Taking is the most frequent (5 turns - compared to the King and Queen's 3 turns), it is the King who has the longest turns (35 lines - compared to Hamlet's 15 lines and the Queen's 9 lines), and therefore speaks the most.
This immediately lets the readers know about the different characters, and the roles they have.

"A little more than kin, and less than kind" (line 65). This line was spoken aside, as it interrupts Claudius's sentence. These are Hamlet's first words of the play and are, characteristically, a sardonic and cryptic pun.
As Claudius's nephew, he is more than a "cousin", but resents being called son, for any natural relationship, such as father and son, is impossible between them.

Anothe cryptic pun used by Hamlet is "...too much in the sun", which presumably refers to Claudius's "my son" (line 64) as well as to his being in the sunshine of court favour. He insinuates his resentment at having been deprived of the succession, and at his new position of Claudius's stepson.

Claudius comments on Hamlet's mourning...