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To achieve an enforceable standard of world peace and social security,
mere peace and justice policies are not sufficient for the implementation of Conflict
Management Strategies. It is necessary to develop the knowledge, motivation, and participation of students, individuals and groups fit for intervention in times of crisis through mediation and conciliation for the reduction of violent conflicts.
It is worth noting that the State policy of National Security has lead National governments to trumped human security in the world. This is been abated by the fact that conflict management and peacekeeping mechanisms are not given required impetus by national governments and state institution.
As a matter of fact, Violent and ethnic conflicts around the world has not declined despite the end of the Cold War. From 1989 through 1993, a total of 90 large and small armed conflicts occurred. At given intervals, the numbers of violent conflicts vary around 50 each year. Civil wars and government/minority conflicts continue in Angola, Sudan, eastern Turkey and Afghanistan, while new conflicts escalate in Nagorno-Karabkh, Tajikistan, Somalia, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Chechnya, Chiapas, Rwanda, Burundi, eastern Zaire, and Albania.
Though not all the developing world is in or on the verge of chaos, violent conflicts have been and will continue to pose grave challenges to global peace and security. The vast majority of conflicts arose within nations over ethnic, governance, ideological or other national issues. In 1993, for example, almost all active conflicts were internal, without a single active inter-state conflict. It is likely that this trend may continue, with conflicts arising from pressures within and across states. All these including state-sponsored terrorism could increasingly destabilize international relations.
The result has been secessionist struggles, civil wars, collapsing states,
local warlordism, organized...